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Capability of Waste Watermelon (Citrullus

Lanatus) Rind as an Alternative Material

Produce a Paper Cup

ARNAIZ, Hanna Lorien L., BORINES, Trisha Red E., FERRER, Danise B.,


ARNAIZ, Hanna Lorien L., BORINES, Trisha Red E., FERRER, Danise B.,


FRANCISCO, Kiera Denille G., PADLA, Rachel Mae F., TINDUGAN, Dulze Mae C

FRANCISCO, Kiera Denille G., PADLA, Rachel Mae F., TINDUGAN, Dulze Mae C

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abstract

abstract

According to Forteinis 2020 the usage of enormous quantities of single use disposable paper cups that are discarded and not recycled is an example of unconscious actions of unsustainable practices Moreover according to Xu et al 2021 removing the inner polyethylene PE covering of paper cups is difficult as most used paper cups are dumped thus wasting energy and polluting the environment Furthermore Lo et al 2019 stated that one of the major solid waste productions in the Philippines is the rind of a watermelon Since approximately 30 of a watermelon is watermelon rind it is often dumped into the environment because most consumers only consume the pulp or the flesh from fruits The researchers aim to conduct experimental research about the capability of watermelon rind as a potential alternative material to produce a paper cup which greatly benefits the environment Thus the study intends to provide a sustainable and feasible solution to the existing problem that can be produced using renewable and degradable natural resources and to provide a cost effective paper cup
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This study aims to determine the capability of waste watermelon Citrullus lanatus rind as a potential alternative material to produce a paper cup This was conducted using an experimental design Moreover a chemical pulping process was utilized to produce paper cups The tests conducted were on biodegradability solubility tensile strength and physical characteristics Concluding the results 1 Cup A 200g exhibited a longer duration of water leakage with 60 minutes in cold and tap water and 4 42 minutes in hot water 2 Cup B 250 g went from an initial mass of 93 8 grams to 73 6 grams which degraded the most 3 Cup C has the highest tensile strength which did not break after 1 minute of exerting 50 Newton Therefore Cup B exhibits the best results in terms of biodegradability Cup A reveals the best results in solubility and Cup C has the highest tensile strength among them all

Introduction

Introduction

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This was conducted using an experimental design Moreover a chemical pulping process was utilized to produce paper cups The tests included biodegradability solubility tensile strength and physical characteristics
The researchers aimed to determine the capability of watermelon rind as a potential alternative material to produce a paper cup through conducting tests in terms of biodegradability solubility and tensile strength Also the researchers evaluated the physical characteristics of the watermelon rind paper cup and compared its tensile strength to the commercial paper cups Hence the researchers gather data and findings that answer the statement of the problem and thehypothesis of the study
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In manufacturing the watermelon rind into a paper cup the researchers gathered all the ingredients materials and equipment needed for the manufacturing such as beeswax blower foil plastic cup and spatula The researchers covered the plastic cup with foil gently molding a paper cup form out of the mixture The molded product was stored at a room temperature of 28 C for 2 days enabling it to dry completely On the application of beeswax the molded cup was removed from the base covered with foil before having the melted beeswax get applied to the inner and outer layer of the paper cup A blower was then used to have the beeswax spread evenly

METHODOLOGY & data interpretation

METHODOLOGY & data interpretation

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set-ups

set-ups

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The biodegradability of the beeswax coated Watermelon Rind WMR paper cups was tested for 7 days through a burial method in loam soil After 7 days all the beeswax coated WMR paper cups showed their capability to degrade in loam soil quickly since they were made of watermelon rind and beeswax covering which are both biodegradable Hence the greater the watermelon rind mixture and beeswax coated within the cup the faster the cup degradation On the other hand the researchers of this study conducted three set ups to test the solubility in terms of water leakage of each WMR paper cup with varying temperatures of water cold water 7 6 C tap water 31 5 C and hot water 98 C The results show that Cup A 200 grams was less soluble in varying temperatures than the other two samples Followed by the Cup B 250 grams and lastly Cup C 300 grams Since beeswax coating s thickness prevents water or any other liquid from seeping through In addition the paper cup made from Watermelon rind was more soluble in hot water since high temperatures caused the beeswax coating to melt
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Furthermore the tensile strength method of the study was based on Read 1997 and Muchorski 2006 The researcher utilized a spring balance to determine the tensile strengths of the three samples of WMR paper cups as well as the tensile strength of the commercialized paper cup Based on the results Cup C 300 grams could withstand a force of 50 Newton N with more than 1 minute duration without tearing apart and it exceeded the spring balance capacity In the last trial the commercialized paper cup s strip could hold a force of 50 Newton N for less than 2 seconds without breaking apart and had a computed tensile strength of 1 000 000 Newton N Lastly each researcher in the group conducted a careful assessment and evaluation based on Hatfield s 2003 definition of color assessment the odor intensity scale by odor intensity scale by Jiang et al 2006 and the concept of multidimensional scaling MDS for texture Hollins et al 1993 Hollins et al 2000 Bergmann Tiest and Kappers 2006 The findings show that the WMR paper cup is swamp in color and has a rough texture and distinct odor Hence watermelon Citrullus lanatus rind has the capability as a potential alternative material in terms of its physico chemical characteristics

results & discussion

results & discussion